Improving the Drift Effect and Hysteresis Effect of Urea Biosensor Based on Graphene Oxide/Nickel Oxide Sensing Film Modified Either by Au Nanoparticles or <i>γ</i>-Fe₂O₃ Nanoparticles Using Back-End Calibration Circuit

From our other works, we have developed urea biosensor based on graphene oxide/nickel oxide sensing film modified either by Au nanoparticles or ${\gamma }$ -Fe 2 O xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3 nanoparticles. In this study, further back-end calibration circuit to reduce the drift effect and hysteresis of two types biosensors. The is composed non-inverting amplifiers, error P-MOSFET transmission transistor, feedback networks, output voltage capacitors resistor dividers. After applying circuit, rate NPs reduced from 3.06 mV/hr 0.28 mV/hr, which 90.85% reduction. 3.92 0.57 85.46% Through effect, for forward cycle reverse are 26% 30%, respectively. 23% 28%,